Danger Doesn't Immediately Pay Debt Even If It Is Able
Have a treasure but don't hasten to pay debts
Maybe someone has a debt to someone else, when he has the money to pay and is able to, he doesn't pay it off immediately. He was even busy buying tertiary / luxury needs and even showing off. This is not justified in Islamic teachings. Islamic religion emphasizes that what is called debt is an emergency. Not easy to owe and only done when it is needed. If you are able to pay, then pay immediately. If you deliberately delay paying debts even though you can afford this is tyranny.
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said,
ﻣَﻄْﻞُ ﺍﻟْﻐَﻨِﻰِّ ﻇُﻠْﻢٌ ، ﻓَﺈِﺫَﺍ ﺃُﺗْﺒِﻊَ ﺃَﺣَﺪُﻛُﻢْ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻣَﻠِﻰٍّ ﻓَﻠْﻴَﺘْﺒَﻊْ
"Delay (payment of debt from) a rich person is a tyranny, so if one of you is transferred to a rich man, follow." [1]
Deliberately Delaying Repayment? Beware of the Dangers of the World-Hereafter!
Very dangerous and loss of world-afterlife, if intentionally delaying paying debts even though they can. Here are a few things:
1) If he dies and carries a debt, he will be prevented from entering heaven even though he is martyred
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa Sallam said,
والذى نفسى بيده لو أن رجلا قتل فى سبيل الله ثم أحيى ثم قتل مرتين وعليه دين ما دخل الجنة حتى يقضى عنه دينه
"For the sake of my soul in His hands, if a man were killed in the way of Allah, then revived, then he was killed again twice, and he still has debt, then he will not enter heaven until the debt is repaid." [2]
2) His condition or his fate is hanging / unclear or uncertain whether he will survive or perish
Of course we are very unhappy with uncertainty, moreover the business is in the hereafter, between heaven or hell. The Prophet sallallaahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam said,
نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ
"The soul of a believer depends on the debt, until the debt is repaid." [3]
Shaykh Abul a Ala Al-Mubarfkafuri rahimahullah explains this hadith,
قامها الكريم أي أمرها موقوف حاى لها بنجاة ولا هلاك حنى ينظر هل من الدين أم لان أم لا انتهى
"Said As Suyuthi, that person was held back to reach his noble place. While Imam Al ‘Iraqi said the affairs of the person were stopped (not done anything), so that they could not be punished as people who survived or perished, until there was clarity about the fate of the debt that had been paid or not." [4]
3) Friends who have debts are not sanctioned by the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, even though his prayer is intercessory
From Jabir radhiallahu ‘anhu, he said,
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يصلي على رجل مات وعليه دين فأتي بميت فقال أعليه دين قالوا نعم ديناران قال صلوا على صاحبكم
"It is the Prophet sallallaahu‘ Alaihi wa Sallam does not condemn men who have debt. Then brought in the presence before him. He said: "Does he have debt?" They replied: "Yes, two dinars. He said, "Pray for your friends." [5]
The point is that the Prophet sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam wanted to explain to his friends that, a debt that was not worthy of being postponed was paid until he died, even though he was already able to pay it.
Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah explained that the prayer of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam was intercession. He said,
وَكَانَ إذَا قُدّمَ إلَيْهِ مَيّتٌ يُصَلّي عَلَيْهِ سَأَلَ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ أَمْ لَا؟ فإن لم يكن عليه دين صلى عليه وإن كان عليه دين لم يصل عليه وأذن لأصحابه أن يصلوا عليه فإن صلاته شفاعة وشفاعته موجبة
"If brought to the Prophet sallallaahu‘ alaihi wa Sallam was a minor, then he was about to pray then he would ask, was he in debt or not? If he has no debt, he declares him, if he has a debt, he does not want to obey him, but allows the companions to commit the inheritance. Indeed, His prayer (for the minor) is intercession (helper) and His intercession is a sure thing. "[6]
4) A person who has a deduction and intends not to pay off, will meet God with a status as a thief
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said,
ﺃَﻳُّﻤَﺎ ﺭَﺟُﻞٍ ﻳَﺪَﻳَّﻦُ ﺩَﻳْﻨًﺎ ﻭَﻫُﻮَ ﻣُﺠْﻤِﻊٌ ﺃَﻥْ ﻻَ ﻳُﻮَﻓِّﻴَﻪُ ﺇِﻳَّﺎﻩُ ﻟَﻘِﻰَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪَ ﺳَﺎﺭِﻗًﺎ
"Anyone who is in debt and intends not to pay it off, then he will meet Allah (on the Day of Judgment) in the status of a thief." [7]
5) Debt status makes the perpetrator get humiliation during the day and anxiety at night
Umar bin Abdul Aziz said,
ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗُﺪﺍﻳﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻟﺒﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪّﻳﻦ ﺫُﻝُّ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ، ﻓﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿﻜﻢ ﻭﺗﺒﻖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻢ
"I remind you not to owe, even though you feel difficulty, because in fact debt is a humiliation during the night of tribulation at night, leave it, your dignity and dignity will be saved, and you will still have glory in the midst of humans as long as you live. "[8]
For those who really need to be indebted because of forced and emergency, there is no need to worry too much because if they are forced and intend to actually pay, then God will help them. The threat is for people who have assets and intend not to pay.
Al-Munawi explained,
والكلام فيمن عصى باستدانته أما من استدان حيث يجوز ولم يخلف وفاء فلا يحبس عن الجنة شهيدا أو غيره
"Talks about this apply to anyone who denies their debt. There are also those who are indebted in a way that is permissible and he does not slip into his promises, so he is not hindered from heaven either as a martyr or other. "[9]
Ash-Shan'ani also emphasized this, namely for those who are in debt but intend not to pay it off. He said
ويحتمل أن ذلك فيمن استدان ولم ينو الوفاء
"That is meant for anyone who is in debt but he does not intend to pay it off." [10]
May God keep us away from debt.
Maybe someone has a debt to someone else, when he has the money to pay and is able to, he doesn't pay it off immediately. He was even busy buying tertiary / luxury needs and even showing off. This is not justified in Islamic teachings. Islamic religion emphasizes that what is called debt is an emergency. Not easy to owe and only done when it is needed. If you are able to pay, then pay immediately. If you deliberately delay paying debts even though you can afford this is tyranny.
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said,
ﻣَﻄْﻞُ ﺍﻟْﻐَﻨِﻰِّ ﻇُﻠْﻢٌ ، ﻓَﺈِﺫَﺍ ﺃُﺗْﺒِﻊَ ﺃَﺣَﺪُﻛُﻢْ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻣَﻠِﻰٍّ ﻓَﻠْﻴَﺘْﺒَﻊْ
"Delay (payment of debt from) a rich person is a tyranny, so if one of you is transferred to a rich man, follow." [1]
Deliberately Delaying Repayment? Beware of the Dangers of the World-Hereafter!
Very dangerous and loss of world-afterlife, if intentionally delaying paying debts even though they can. Here are a few things:
1) If he dies and carries a debt, he will be prevented from entering heaven even though he is martyred
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa Sallam said,
والذى نفسى بيده لو أن رجلا قتل فى سبيل الله ثم أحيى ثم قتل مرتين وعليه دين ما دخل الجنة حتى يقضى عنه دينه
"For the sake of my soul in His hands, if a man were killed in the way of Allah, then revived, then he was killed again twice, and he still has debt, then he will not enter heaven until the debt is repaid." [2]
2) His condition or his fate is hanging / unclear or uncertain whether he will survive or perish
Of course we are very unhappy with uncertainty, moreover the business is in the hereafter, between heaven or hell. The Prophet sallallaahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam said,
نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ
"The soul of a believer depends on the debt, until the debt is repaid." [3]
Shaykh Abul a Ala Al-Mubarfkafuri rahimahullah explains this hadith,
قامها الكريم أي أمرها موقوف حاى لها بنجاة ولا هلاك حنى ينظر هل من الدين أم لان أم لا انتهى
"Said As Suyuthi, that person was held back to reach his noble place. While Imam Al ‘Iraqi said the affairs of the person were stopped (not done anything), so that they could not be punished as people who survived or perished, until there was clarity about the fate of the debt that had been paid or not." [4]
3) Friends who have debts are not sanctioned by the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, even though his prayer is intercessory
From Jabir radhiallahu ‘anhu, he said,
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يصلي على رجل مات وعليه دين فأتي بميت فقال أعليه دين قالوا نعم ديناران قال صلوا على صاحبكم
"It is the Prophet sallallaahu‘ Alaihi wa Sallam does not condemn men who have debt. Then brought in the presence before him. He said: "Does he have debt?" They replied: "Yes, two dinars. He said, "Pray for your friends." [5]
The point is that the Prophet sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam wanted to explain to his friends that, a debt that was not worthy of being postponed was paid until he died, even though he was already able to pay it.
Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah explained that the prayer of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam was intercession. He said,
وَكَانَ إذَا قُدّمَ إلَيْهِ مَيّتٌ يُصَلّي عَلَيْهِ سَأَلَ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ أَمْ لَا؟ فإن لم يكن عليه دين صلى عليه وإن كان عليه دين لم يصل عليه وأذن لأصحابه أن يصلوا عليه فإن صلاته شفاعة وشفاعته موجبة
"If brought to the Prophet sallallaahu‘ alaihi wa Sallam was a minor, then he was about to pray then he would ask, was he in debt or not? If he has no debt, he declares him, if he has a debt, he does not want to obey him, but allows the companions to commit the inheritance. Indeed, His prayer (for the minor) is intercession (helper) and His intercession is a sure thing. "[6]
4) A person who has a deduction and intends not to pay off, will meet God with a status as a thief
The Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said,
ﺃَﻳُّﻤَﺎ ﺭَﺟُﻞٍ ﻳَﺪَﻳَّﻦُ ﺩَﻳْﻨًﺎ ﻭَﻫُﻮَ ﻣُﺠْﻤِﻊٌ ﺃَﻥْ ﻻَ ﻳُﻮَﻓِّﻴَﻪُ ﺇِﻳَّﺎﻩُ ﻟَﻘِﻰَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪَ ﺳَﺎﺭِﻗًﺎ
"Anyone who is in debt and intends not to pay it off, then he will meet Allah (on the Day of Judgment) in the status of a thief." [7]
5) Debt status makes the perpetrator get humiliation during the day and anxiety at night
Umar bin Abdul Aziz said,
ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗُﺪﺍﻳﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻟﺒﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪّﻳﻦ ﺫُﻝُّ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ، ﻓﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿﻜﻢ ﻭﺗﺒﻖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻢ
"I remind you not to owe, even though you feel difficulty, because in fact debt is a humiliation during the night of tribulation at night, leave it, your dignity and dignity will be saved, and you will still have glory in the midst of humans as long as you live. "[8]
For those who really need to be indebted because of forced and emergency, there is no need to worry too much because if they are forced and intend to actually pay, then God will help them. The threat is for people who have assets and intend not to pay.
Al-Munawi explained,
والكلام فيمن عصى باستدانته أما من استدان حيث يجوز ولم يخلف وفاء فلا يحبس عن الجنة شهيدا أو غيره
"Talks about this apply to anyone who denies their debt. There are also those who are indebted in a way that is permissible and he does not slip into his promises, so he is not hindered from heaven either as a martyr or other. "[9]
Ash-Shan'ani also emphasized this, namely for those who are in debt but intend not to pay it off. He said
ويحتمل أن ذلك فيمن استدان ولم ينو الوفاء
"That is meant for anyone who is in debt but he does not intend to pay it off." [10]
May God keep us away from debt.
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